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2.2.6Lifestyle and non-communicable diseases

AQA GCSE Biology (8461), Higher tier · Organisation › Animal tissues, organs and organ systems

Practise Lifestyle and non-communicable diseases. 11 exam-style questions plus unlimited generated ones on this subtopic, at up to four difficulty levels, with full mark schemes and a progress tracker. Free, no account needed.

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Sample questions

Written for this site in the style of AQA exam questions. They are not taken from real past papers.

Question 1Easy4 marks
Lifestyle factors can affect the risk of developing some non-communicable diseases.
(a) What is meant by a risk factor for a disease?[1]
(b) Obesity is a risk factor for which disease?
Tick (✓) one box.[1]
  • Malaria
  • Measles
  • Tuberculosis
  • Type 2 diabetes
(c) Name one organ that can be damaged by drinking too much alcohol.[1]
(d) Give one disease for which smoking is a risk factor.[1]
Show the answer and mark scheme
(a)
  • something that is linked to an increased rate / likelihood of the disease
(b) Answer: Type 2 diabetes
(c)
  • liver / brain
(d)
  • lung cancer / lung disease / cardiovascular disease / coronary heart disease
Question 2Medium5 marks
Smoking and drinking alcohol can harm unborn babies.
(a) Explain why pregnant women are advised not to smoke.[2]
(b) Give one effect that drinking alcohol during pregnancy can have on the baby.[1]
(c) Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens.
What is a carcinogen?
Give one other example of a carcinogen.[2]
Show the answer and mark scheme
(a)
  • harmful chemicals from the smoke, e.g. carbon monoxide, pass to the fetus / reduce the oxygen supply to the fetus
  • so the baby may be born with a low birth weight / be born prematurely / be stillborn
(b)
  • damage to the development of the baby / its brain / low birth weight / miscarriage
(c)
  • a substance / factor that increases the risk of cancer
  • ionising radiation
Question 3Hard7 marks
{table} shows the death rate from lung cancer in a group of adults, depending on how many cigarettes they smoked each day.
[object Object]
(a) Calculate how many times greater the death rate is for people who smoke 21 to 30 cigarettes per day than for people who do not smoke.[1]
(b) Scientists have shown a causal mechanism for smoking and lung cancer.
Explain how smoking can cause lung cancer.[2]
(c) Describe the human and financial costs of lung cancer.
You should refer to the individual, the local community and the nation in your answer.[4]
Show the answer and mark scheme
(a) Answer: 17.5 times
  • (210 ÷ 12 =) 17.5
(b)
  • tobacco smoke contains carcinogens / tar
  • which cause changes in lung cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division / a tumour
(c)
  • individual: pain / illness / reduced quality of life / early death
  • individual: loss of income if unable to work
  • community: family and friends affected, e.g. grief / caring responsibilities
  • community: fewer people able to work locally / local services put under pressure
  • nation: cost of treatment to the health service (e.g. NHS)
  • nation: loss of workers / reduced productivity / less tax paid

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