All topics › AQA GCSE Chemistry › Cracking and alkenes
7.1.4 Cracking and alkenes
AQA GCSE Chemistry (8462), Higher tier · Organic chemistry › Carbon compounds as fuels and feedstock
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What is meant by cracking? Breaking down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful molecules.
Complete the sentence. In catalytic cracking, the hydrocarbon is heated to vaporise it, and the vapour is passed over a hot ________. catalyst
Long-chain alkanes are cracked to produce shorter, more useful molecules. Complete the equation. C14 H30 → C8 H18 + .....C2 H4 3
Write two different equations for cracking decane, C10 H22 , in which propene, C3 H6 , is one of the products. C10 H22 → C7 H16 + C3 H6 and C10 H22 → C4 H10 + 2C3 H6
Cracking produces shorter alkanes and another type of hydrocarbon. Name this other type of hydrocarbon. Alkenes Sample questions Written for this site in the style of AQA exam questions. They are not taken from real past papers.
Question 1 Easy 5 marks
(a) What is meant by cracking?[1]
(b) Cracking produces two types of hydrocarbon. Name the two types.[2]
(c) Give the test for an alkene and the result.[2]
Show the answer and mark scheme (a) Answer: Breaking down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful molecules.
breaking down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller (more useful) molecules (b) Answer: Alkanes and alkenes
(c) Answer: Add bromine water: it changes from orange to colourless.
add bromine water orange to colourless Question 2 Medium 6 marks
Long-chain alkanes are cracked to produce shorter, more useful molecules.
(a) Complete the equation. C14 H30 → C8 H18 + .....C2 H4 [1]
(b) Complete the equation. C16 H34 → C10 H22 + 2 ________[1]
(c) Complete the equation. C12 H26 → C4 H10 + ________[1]
(d) Cracking is an example of thermal decomposition. What is meant by thermal decomposition?[1]
(e) Is cracking exothermic or endothermic? Give a reason for your answer.[2]
Show the answer and mark scheme (d) Answer: Breaking down a compound into simpler substances by heating it.
breaking down a compound into simpler substances by heating (e) Answer: Endothermic: energy must be supplied (by heating) to break bonds.
endothermic energy / heat must be supplied (continuously) to break bonds Question 3 Hard 7 marks
An alkane was cracked. The only products were ethene, C2 H4 , and hexane, C6 H14 . alkane → 2C2 H4 + C6 H14
(a) Determine the formula of the alkane.[1]
(b) Calculate the maximum mass of ethene that could be produced from 71 kg of this alkane. Relative atomic masses (A r ): H = 1 C = 12[3]
(c) In practice, less ethene than this is produced. Suggest one reason why.[1]
(d) Describe a test to show that ethene is present in the products.[2]
Show the answer and mark scheme (b) Answer: 28 kg
M r of C10 H22 = 142 and M r of C2 H4 = 2871 000 ÷ 142 = 500 (mol), so 1000 mol of ethene (1 : 2) 1000 × 28 = 28 000 g = 28 (kg) (c) Answer: The alkane also cracks in other ways, giving different products.
the alkane also cracks in other ways (giving different products) / not all of the alkane cracks (d) Answer: Add bromine water: it turns from orange to colourless.
add bromine water orange to colourless Related subtopics
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